Domestic violence has been a pervasive problem throughout history, but attitudes toward it have changed significantly over the past sixty-five years. In 1960, when my father killed my mother, domestic violence was primarily seen as a private matter that should be kept behind closed doors. Both law enforcement and the legal system largely ignored it. However, as women began to gain more rights and opportunities in the following decades, domestic violence began to receive greater attention and scrutiny.

1970s – The women’s liberation movement begins to gain momentum, and domestic violence is recognized as a social problem that needs to be addressed. The first shelters for battered women are established, and advocacy groups begin to push for legal protections for victims of domestic violence. More women’s rights bills were passed in 1971-72 compared to all previous legislative sessions combined. Title IX section of the Education amendment passed in 1972 prohibited sex discrimination in all education programs, including equal participation in all school sports, and Roe v. Wade in 1973 protected the right for women to access abortion legally across the country.

1980s – The issue of domestic violence gains wider attention in the media, and the first national hotline for victims of domestic violence is established. Laws are passed in many states to criminalize domestic violence and offer greater protection for victims. In 1981, Kirchberg v. Feenstra overturned state laws designating a husband as head and master with unilateral control of property owned jointly with his wife.

1990s – The Violence Against Women Act signed into law in 1994, currently provides federal resources such as housing, healthcare, and education for survivors of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual abuse, and/or stalking.  Domestic violence is increasingly seen as a public health issue, and programs are developed to address the long-term effects of trauma on victims.

2000s – The #MeToo movement draws attention to the pervasive problem of sexual harassment and assault, including within domestic relationships. Technology also plays an increasing role in domestic violence, with perpetrators using social media, text messages, and other forms of digital communication to control and intimidate their partners.

2010s – Intersectionality becomes a key concept in the fight against domestic violence, with greater attention paid to the unique challenges faced by women of color, LGBTQ+ women, and other marginalized groups. The issue of domestic violence also becomes more closely linked to broader social justice issues, including economic inequality and racial disparities.

2020s – Domestic violence continues to be a pressing issue, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating the problem. However, with greater awareness and more resources available, women can reach out for support.

It’s important to note that as women become more equal in society, marriages can also become equal. Unfortunately, the gender pay gap remains a significant issue, with women receiving on average, just 82 cents for every dollar men earn. Women are still underrepresented in business leadership positions and major political offices. In 2023, 25 women serve in the US Senate, and 125 serve in the House of Representatives, comprising 28% of Congress.  When both partners have equal say and equal opportunities, relationships can become healthier and more fulfilling.

SUGGESTED SUPPORT CENTERS          

1. Center on Domestic Violence, Trauma, and Mental Health: https://ncdvtmh.org/for-survivors/

2. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence: https://ncadv.org/

3. NCADV/Resources: https://ncadv.org/RESOURCES

4. Women’s Law: https://www.womenslaw.org/find-help/ca 

5. National Domestic Violence Hotline: https://www.thehotline.org/